There are different types of earthquake hazards but those different types are affected by
Strength of the earthquake - how much energy is released from the epicenter and how much it affects the surrounding.
Local topography - the features of an area.
Built features - the materials and how an infrastructure is built.
Geology - Earth and its materials.
Groundwater - the water beneath the surface.
There are five types of earthquake hazards, these are; ground shaking, tsunami, landslides and rockfalls, subsidence and lateral spreading and, liquefaction.
Ground shaking is the shaking of the ground. Its intensity causes buildings, bridges and dams to be damaged. High objects could topple and bury someone or something. Ground shaking varies on; topography, bedrock type, location and orientation of fault rupture.
Tsunami are tall oceanic waves that are made due to sudden displacement in water. These waves can travel far and at high speed which could flood off shores. Tsunamis varies on; sea floor depth and shape, intensity of the cause of displacement and others.
Landslides and rockfalls is where unorganized or destabilize cliffs and steep slopes slides down. It can be triggered by seismic waves, heavy rain, fractured rocks, and other.
Subsidence is the lowering of ground surface. Earthquake could cause decrease in load bearing strength and settling of loose sediments. While lateral spreading is when slope ground moves downhill.
Liquefaction is where sediments move due to an earthquake which separates grains from each other reducing the load bearing capacity and upward movement of groundwater. It causes objects to sink. When the grains settles it squeezes groundwater out of the ground which then cause flooding.
Reference/s;
GNS Science. (n.d.). Earthquake Hazards. Retrieved from https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Earthquakes/Earthquake-Hazards
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